Reviews AOD-9604

CITED REFERENCES · 15 PRIMARY SOURCES

AOD-9604 references: the complete cited literature for this review

Every citation used across this site — 15 primary sources from 1983 to 2025, organized by publication date.

Primary citations

All 15 AOD-9604 references cited in this review are listed below in chronological order. Citations are numbered to match inline reference markers used throughout the site. The AOD-9604 literature is thin but well-sourced: the core preclinical base is five papers from the Monash University Ng and Heffernan labs (1983–2001); the clinical safety and tolerability record is captured in two 2013–2014 JOFEM papers; a 2015 rabbit OA study and a 2022 nanoparticle paper extend research into non-metabolic contexts; the active NCT07225829 OA trial represents the current state of human investigation.

The AOD-9604 clinical trial history and AOD-9604 mechanism of action pages provide context for interpreting these citations.

  1. Wu Z, Ng FM. Antilipogenic action of synthetic C-terminal sequence 177-191 of human growth hormone. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1993;30(1):187-96. ↗
  2. Natera SH, Jiang WJ, Ng FM. Reduction of cumulative body weight gain and adipose tissue mass in obese mice: response to chronic treatment with synthetic hGH 177-191 peptide. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1994;33(4):751-8. ↗
  3. Bornstein J, Ng FM, Heng D, Wong KP. Metabolic actions of pituitary growth hormone. I. Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase by human growth hormone and a carboxyl terminal part sequence acting through a second messenger. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1983;103(4):479-86. ↗
  4. Wijaya E, Ng FM. Effect of an antilipogenic fragment of human growth hormone on glucose transport in rat adipocytes. Biochem Mol Biol Int. 1993;31(3):543-52. ↗
  5. Heffernan MA, Thorburn AW, Fam B, Summers R, Conway-Campbell B, Waters MJ, Ng FM. Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(10):1442-9. ↗
  6. Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, Ogru E, Gianello R, Jiang WJ, Ng FM. The Effects of Human GH and Its Lipolytic Fragment (AOD9604) on Lipid Metabolism Following Chronic Treatment in Obese Mice and beta3-AR Knock-Out Mice. Endocrinology. 2001;142(12):5182-9. ↗
  7. Valentino MA, Lin JE, Waldman SA. Central and Peripheral Molecular Targets for Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;87(6):652-62. ↗
  8. Obesity Pharmacotherapy: Current Perspectives and Future Directions (review). Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013. [Describes Phase IIa AOD-9604 oral results: 2.6 kg vs 0.8 kg placebo at 1 mg/day, 12 weeks; non-linear dose response at 10 mg/day.] ↗
  9. Stier H, Vos E, Kenley D. Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2013;3(1-2):1-6. ↗
  10. Stier H, Vos E, Kenley D. Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2013;3(1-2):1-6. [Six-trial compilation: ~900 participants, tolerability indistinguishable from placebo, no IGF-1 elevation, no antibodies.] ↗
  11. More MI, Kenley D. Safety and Metabolism of AOD9604, a Novel Nutraceutical Ingredient for Improved Metabolic Health. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2014;4(3):61-68. ↗
  12. Wilding J. AOD-9604 Metabolic. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004;5(4):436-40. ↗
  13. Halford JC. Obesity drugs in clinical development. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2006;7(4):312-8. ↗
  14. Kwon DR, Park GY. Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2015;45(4):426-432. ↗
  15. Habibullah MM, et al. Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176-191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022. ↗